It argues that the most significant contributions in modernization theory came from economic theorists, on the one hand, and sociologists, on the other. This article examines a greater range of modernization theorists than normally come under scrutiny. Many subsequent critiques of modernization theory have not fully examined the wide and varied range of contributions, preferring to focus on one or two prime candidates for their analysis. Rather it constituted a wide variety of theories that emerged from a range of social science disciplines – as well as countries and universities. The set of theories that tried to interpret the process of modernization in the 1950s and 1960s was by no means a coherent set of ideas. The various components of modernization theory received critiques from the outset but their influence within policy making endured for a significant period of time.
Modernization theory refers to a body of theory that became prominent in the 1950s and 1960s in relation to understanding issues of economic and social development and in creating policies that would assist economic and social transitions in poorer countries. Gwynne, in International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition), 2009 Abstract
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